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Gray (unit) : ウィキペディア英語版
Gray (unit)
The gray (symbol: Gy) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per one kilogram of matter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The International System of Units (SI) )
It is used as a measure of absorbed dose, specific energy (imparted), and kerma (an acronym for "''k''inetic ''e''nergy ''r''eleased per unit ''ma''ss").
It is a physical quantity, and does not take into account any biological context. Unlike the pre-1971 non-SI roentgen unit of radiation exposure, the gray when used for absorbed dose is defined independently of any target material. However, when measuring kerma the reference target material must be defined explicitly, usually as dry air at standard temperature and pressure.
The equivalent cgs unit, the rad (equivalent to 0.01 Gy), remains common in the United States, though "strongly discouraged" in the style guide for U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology authors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NIST Guide to SI Units — Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI )
== Etymology ==
The gray was named after British physicist Louis Harold Gray, a pioneer in the field of X-ray and radium radiation measurement, and their effects on living tissue. It was adopted as part of the International System of Units in 1975.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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